Discussion: Ethical Decision-Making Model
Discussion: Ethical Decision-Making Model
Discussion: Ethical Decision-Making Model
1/3: LASA: Working Ahead
Ethical decision-making model: In this assignment, you will be able to identify and understand the steps in the proposed (ethical) decision-making model presented in your textbook by Bush et al. (2006). In addition, you will be able to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this proposed model.
Tasks for Ethical decision-making model:
Write a 3- to 4-page paper, including the following points:
* A summary of the eight steps in the model proposed by Bush et al. (2006).
* A critical analysis of the decision-making model (i.e., analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the model in ethical decision making).
Discussion: Ethical Decision-Making Model
Models for Making Ethical Decisions
Ethical decision-making models offer a framework for critical thinking and planning in the face of ethical issues. An ethical decision-making model is a tool that health-care workers can use to help them improve their capacity to think through ethical dilemmas and make ethical decisions. The ethics literature contains a variety of models, the most of which are similar in design and substance. Each model’s purpose is to give a framework for making the best decision in a specific situation that a health care professional is faced with. The majority of these models employ principle-based reasoning, a method developed by philosophers Beauchamp and Childress. 7 These models take into account ethical principles, responsibilities, and values. They promote the utilization of resources in dentistry such as published evidence, clinical data, and consulting peers. Some of these models have four, five, or seven steps for resolving difficulties, but they all encourage critical reasoning through the structure of a decision model, whether in solitary private practice, big clinical settings, or dental advocacy groups.
The model proposed in this module is a six-step strategy developed from decision-making literature as interpreted by Atchison and Beemsterboer and used with dental and dental hygiene students in a combined ethics course since the early 1990s. It’s a well-thought-out strategy founded on theory and philosophy. 8 The model is depicted as a circle to stress the impact of previous knowledge and experiences on current and future decision-making (Figure 1).
Figure 1 shows how past information and experiences can be applied to current and future decision-making.
The decision-making process is fluid, changing as new information becomes available. Dentists and dental hygienists are faced with a plethora of questions to ponder, all of which need them to weigh the code of ethics as well as their personal principles and views before making a decision. When a practitioner is faced with a clinical or scientific challenge, the evaluation process is similar to that which occurs when they are faced with an ethical dilemma. The health care practitioner will be able to make an appropriate decision by paying close attention to and doing a systematic study of the evidence, facts, and details. The decision-making model provides a tool that can be used throughout one’s career.
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Model for Making Decisions in Six Steps
Determine the ethical dilemma or issue. Stage 1 is the most important step in the process since it is necessary to be aware of an issue in order to progress through the steps. Many circumstances are simply not considered ethical issues or problems. Once the problem has been identified, the decision maker must explain the ethical dilemma clearly and simply, taking into account all relevant components of the situation. If the ethical question does not include a conflict of values, it is just a matter of right and wrong, and no ethical decision-making process is required. If you’ve already decided if something is right or wrong, you can go to step 2.
Gather information. To make an informed decision, the decision maker must gather information. This could be accurate information on how the scenario unfolded, and it could come from multiple sources. It’s necessary to know about the values of all parties involved, including the health-care provider’s.
Specify your choices. Following the collection of the relevant data, the third step is brainstorming to identify as many alternatives or possibilities as feasible. The best option isn’t always the first one that comes to mind. There is also a propensity to believe that a question has just one answer. This stage forces us to take a step back and look at the situation from all sides in order to see what other people could see as possible solutions to the problem. It takes an enlightened and open mind to see that there are often multiple solutions to a problem.
Use the Ethical Principles to Evaluate the Alternatives. Focus on ethical values and conceptions (autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and veracity) as well as ethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and veracity) (paternalism, confidentiality, and informed consent). In most ethical decisions, one or more of these will be considered.
Create a list of pros and drawbacks for each possibility to show how it will effect the ethical concept or norm. Show alternatives in the pro column that defend or maintain each principle or value. Explain how an alternative would violate the principle or value in the con column. Carry out this procedure for each choice. You’ll be able to see which ethical standards are at odds in this case if you go through this method. For more information, consult the applicable code of ethics. Discussing the problem with a trustworthy colleague can help you get a more complete picture of the situation and possible solutions.
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Make your choice. When the advantages and disadvantages of each option are clearly stated, a suitable framework for making a selection emerges. After then, each alternative must be analyzed one by one, keeping in mind how many benefits and drawbacks each decision would entail. The dental hygienist must next assess the pros and negatives, keeping in mind that, as a professional, he or she is obligated to put the patient’s interests first. The appropriate solution to an ethical challenge is frequently clear just by carefully evaluating the possibilities. Before putting the choice into action, the practitioner should compare each principle to the decision to see if it stands up to scrutiny.
Put the decision into action. The third phase entails following through on the choice made. If no action is taken, the decision-making process will be useless. Because this phase is skipped, many good decisions are never executed. It’s important to remember that no action constitutes tacit approval of a situation.
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